“When navigating in ice regions, the ship's speed must be significantly reduced. A slow speed helps to minimize the impact of the ice on the hull and reduces the risk of ice damage. For example, the normal cruising speed of 12 knots might be reduced to 3 - 4 knots or even slower depending on the ice concentration and thickness.”

“A strict lookout for icebergs, growlers (small icebergs), and ice floes is essential. Crew members on lookout duty should use binoculars and other visual aids to spot any ice objects in the water ahead and report their location, size, and distance immediately. For instance, they might say 'There is an iceberg about 2 nautical miles ahead on the port side, estimated size is [X] meters in length and [Y] meters in height.'”

“The ship's hull should be regularly inspected for any signs of ice damage. This can be done by crew members on deck or with the help of underwater inspection equipment if available. Any cracks or dents found on the hull need to be closely monitored and reported to the captain for further assessment and possible repair actions.”

“If encountering large icebergs or thick ice fields that block the intended route, the ship may need to change course to find a more navigable path. Navigation officers should use charts and satellite images of the ice-covered area (if available) to plan alternative routes. For example, they could say 'Due to the large ice field ahead, we will alter our course to the north to avoid it and follow a route that appears to have less ice concentration according to the satellite imagery.'”

“In some cases, the ship may need to use its ice-breaking capabilities (if equipped) to make progress through the ice. The engine power should be carefully adjusted to provide enough thrust to break the ice while not overloading the propulsion system. The crew should also monitor the stress on the hull and other ship's structures during the ice-breaking process to ensure they are within safe limits.”

“Communication with other ships in the ice area is important. Share information about ice conditions, such as the location of dangerous ice formations and the best routes found so far. Use the VHF radio to exchange messages like 'This is MV [Vessel Name]. We found a relatively clear passage through the ice at [latitude and longitude]. You might want to consider this route if you are heading in the same direction.'”