“In clear and sunny weather, the visibility is usually excellent. Crew members should maintain a proper lookout as usual, keeping an eye on other vessels, floating objects and the coastline. The vessel can follow the planned course steadily, and it's a good time to conduct routine inspections and maintenance of the ship's equipment on deck. For example, check the condition of the rigging and antennas.”（在晴朗天气下，能见度通常很好。船员应像往常一样保持适当瞭望，留意其他船只、漂浮物和海岸线。船舶可以稳定地按计划航线航行，并且这也是对甲板上船舶设备进行常规检查和维护的好时机。例如，检查索具和天线的状况。）

“When it's raining, especially during heavy rain, the visibility will be reduced. The crew should increase the frequency of lookout and turn on the appropriate navigation lights earlier than usual to ensure the ship is visible to other vessels. The deck may become slippery, so extra caution is needed when moving around on it. Also, pay attention to the drainage situation on the deck to prevent water accumulation which might affect the stability or operation of some equipment.”（当下雨时，尤其是大雨期间，能见度会降低。船员应增加瞭望频率，并比平时更早开启合适的航行灯，以确保本船能被其他船只看到。甲板可能会变得湿滑，所以在甲板上走动时需格外小心。此外，要留意甲板的排水情况，防止积水影响某些设备的稳定性或运行。）

“In foggy conditions, visibility is severely restricted. The ship must reduce its speed to a safe level and sound the fog signal at regular intervals as required by regulations. The radar should be kept on continuously and closely monitored to detect other ships or obstacles in the vicinity. The crew on lookout duty should be especially vigilant and report any unusual sounds or signs immediately. Navigation should rely more on electronic aids like GPS and ECDIS, and communication with nearby vessels through VHF should be enhanced to exchange position and intention information.”（在有雾的情况下，能见度受到严重限制。船舶必须按规定将速度降至安全水平，并定期鸣放雾号。应持续开启并密切监视雷达，以探测附近的其他船只或障碍物。瞭望值班船员需格外警惕，一旦发现任何异常声响或迹象要立即报告。航行应更多地依靠诸如 GPS 和电子海图显示与信息系统（ECDIS）等电子设备辅助，并且要加强通过甚高频（VHF）与附近船只的通信，交换位置和意图信息。）

“During strong wind conditions, the ship may experience increased heeling and rolling. The crew should check and secure all loose objects on the deck to prevent them from being blown away and causing damage or danger. Depending on the wind direction and strength, adjust the ship's course and speed if necessary to minimize the impact of the wind on the ship's stability and navigation. For example, if it's a headwind, reducing speed might be considered to avoid excessive pitching; if it's a beam wind, pay close attention to the ship's roll amplitude and take measures like adjusting the trim to improve stability.”（在大风天气下，船舶可能会出现横倾和横摇加剧的情况。船员应检查并固定甲板上所有松散的物品，防止它们被吹走，造成损坏或危险。根据风向和风力大小，必要时调整船舶的航线和速度，以尽量减小风对船舶稳定性和航行的影响。例如，如果是顶风，可考虑降低速度以避免过度纵摇；如果是横风，则要密切关注船舶的横摇幅度，并采取诸如调整吃水差等措施来提高稳定性。）

“When encountering high waves, the ship's motion will be more violent. The crew should ensure that all hatches are properly closed and sealed to prevent seawater from entering the holds. Monitor the ship's stress and strain levels regularly to check if it's within the safe range. Try to steer the ship to head into the waves at an appropriate angle to reduce the impact of the waves on the hull. Also, inform the crew and passengers (if any) to stay in safe areas and hold on to fixed objects to avoid being injured by the ship's sudden movements.”（当遇到大浪时，船舶的运动将会更加剧烈。船员应确保所有舱口都妥善关闭并密封，防止海水进入货舱。定期监测船舶的受力和应变水平，检查是否在安全范围内。尽量操纵船舶以合适的角度顶浪航行，以减轻海浪对船体的冲击。同时，通知船员和乘客（如有）待在安全区域，并抓住固定物体，避免因船舶的突然晃动而受伤。）